Assessment of regulations and standards for energy certification of residential buildings in tropical climates: A focus on Colombia

Abstract

In a building, the energy-saving capacity associated with energy efficiency depends on the type and the different ways these are consumed, highlighting measures such as energy-efficient equipment and the integration of energy generation systems, particularly electricity generation, to meet local demand. This article analyzes international regulations and standards for the energy certification of residential buildings, emphasizing their applicability to Colombia’s tropical climate by assessing their strengths, limitations, and their capacity to optimize energy consumption. The study was based on a comparative-analytical methodology involving theoretical, documentary, and regulatory materials from three main systems: LEED, Passivhaus, and the technical building code (CTE), and focused on three specific criteria: insulation systems, indoor air quality (IAQ), and energy consumption. From this analysis, it can be inferred that although the entities responsible for managing energy efficiency in Colombia identify measures that could improve building efficiency, they also acknowledge that implementing these measures as formal regulation must be a progressive, prolonged process. This transition requires strategies supported by incentives, benefits, and government support at both the national and regional levels. This analysis is relevant for the design of public policies that promote sustainable buildings in tropical climates, offering a practical framework to address the challenges of the energy transition in developing countries.