New gabion proposal for fluvial systems against erosion and flooding

Abstract

Gabion structures provide a sustainable solution for erosion, scour, and flooding; they are widely used by engineers for their adaptability to accommodate deformation and impact resistance from river currents, as well as their low carbon footprint and environmental sustainability. However, their use is limited in certain circumstances due to the scarcity of local materials. This experimental study aims to propose a new type of gabion with a sand core for river systems prone to erosion and flooding. Three gabion models were developed: the traditional one (GT), and two with 50% (GM50) and 60% (GM60) sand core volume, respectively. The gabions underwent a total of 30 hydrodynamic and mechanical tests. The analysis of the results showed that the GM50 gabion model better satisfied the critical velocity and critical shear stress requirements. It also exhibited greater resistance to deformation and a more effective distribution of internal loads. This improves structural stability and allows for better absorption of the forces generated by water flow. Finally, this new approach to gabions with a sand core provides a foundation for future designs of sustainable hydraulic structures.